- Evenhuis, N.L. (1994): Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). - Leiden: Backhuys Publ.: 600 pp.
- Evenhuis, N.L. (1996): Catalogue of the Diptera of the Australasien and Oceanian Regions. - http://www.bishopmuseum.org/bishop/ento/aocat/aocathome.html
- Evenhuis, N.L. (1996): Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world. - http://www.bishopmuseum.org/bishop/ento/fossilcat/
- Jacobs, W. & Renner, M (1988): Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten, 2.Aufl.. - Stuttgart: Fischer: 690 pp.
- Maddison, D.R. Tree of life: phylogeny and systematics of Diptera. - http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/animals/arthropoda/hexapoda/diptera/diptera.html
- Schumann, H. (1992): Systematische Gliederung der Ordnung Diptera mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der in Deutschland vorkommenden Familien. - Dt. Ent. Ztsch. N.F. 39 (1-3): 103-116.
- Zoological Record. - http://www.biosis.org.uk/zrdocs/zoolinfo/grp_dipt.htm