Introduction
History
Morphology
Terminology
Head
Antenna
Thorax
Leg
Wing
Abdomen
Genitalia
Chaetotaxy
Egg
Larva
Pupa
Addition
ESEM
Glossary
Phylogeny
Distribution
Ecology
Biology
Collecting
Determination
Photography
References
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Fig. 1: thorax, dorsal
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Fig. 1:
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1 = |
antepronotum, aprn; anterior antepronotum [1+8]; anterior pronotum [1/3]; anterior pronotum [8]
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2 = |
postpronotum, pprn; posterior antepronotum [1+8]; posterior pronotum [1/3]; anterior pronotum [8]
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1+2+5 |
=
pronotum, prn [1]
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3 = |
mesoanterior angle of postpronotum and a mesonatal apodeme between the two lobes in almost all Leptogastrinae; in Euscelidia an additional postpronotal peg [1+8]; mesoanterior angle of posterior pronotum and a mesonotal pit between the two lobes in almost all Leptogastrinae; in Euscelidia an additional peg [8]; pronotal lobe of Leptogastrinae between which lies the central mesonotal pit [Dikow pers. comm.]
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4 = |
prescutum, presct [1/7]
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5 = |
postpronotal lobe, pprn lb; humerus (pl. humeri); humeral callus [1]; postpronotum [7]; humeral callus = posterior area of posterior pronotum [8]
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6 = |
notopleuron, npl; paratergite [7] [better: Cannings, 2002]
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7 = |
transverse suture, trn sut [1/7]
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8 = |
presutural area of scutum, presut area
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9 = |
postsutural area of scutum, psut area; scutum [7] (incorrect) [1]
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8+9 = |
scutum, sct; mesonotum (* incorrect) [1]
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10 = |
postalar callus, pal cal [1]; parascutellum [7]
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11 = |
postalar wall, pal wal; postalar declivity [1]
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12 = |
scutellum, sctl [1/7]
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* |
mesonotum = prescutum (reduced in Diptera) + scutum + scutellum + postnotum (= metanotum, postscutellum) [1]
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Fig. 2: thorax, lateral
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Fig. 2:
1 = cervix, cerv [1]. -
2 = antepronotum, aprn; anterior antepronotum [1+8]; anterior pronotum [1/3]. -
3 = postpronotum, pprn; posterior antepronotum [1+8]; posterior pronotum [1/3]. -
4 = postpronotal lobe, pprn lb; humeri [1]; humeral callus [3]; postpronotum [7]. -
5 = mesothoracic spiracle, mes spr; anterior spiracle [1/6]; prothoracic spiracle [5]. -
6 = anepisternum, anepst [1/7]; upper part of episternum [1]; anepisternum 2 [3/4]; mesopleuron [1/5/6]. -
7 = anterior notal wing process ? [1]. -
8 = transverse suture, trn sut; transscutal suture; scutal suture (incorrect) [1]. -
9 = anterior & posterior basalare [1]; basalare 2 [3]; anterior basalare [Cannings, 2002]. -
10 = wing base, wg bs [1]. -
11 = pleural wing process, plr wg proc; subalare? [7]; subalare 2? [3]; posterior basalare [Cannings, 2002]. -
12 = ? [1]. -
13 = postalar callus, pal cal [1]; posterior callus [5]; parascutellum [7]; postalar callosity [Cannings, 2002]. -
14 = postalar wall, pal wal; postalar declivity [1]. -
15 = scutellum, sctl [1]; mesoscutellum [5]. -
16 = katatergite (part of mesopostnotum), ktg; ventral portion of laterotergite [1/4]; laterotergite of postnotum [3]; mesepimeron [5]. -
17 = mesopostnotum (mediotergite + laterotergite), mes pnot; mediotergite [1/7/Cannings, 2002]; anterior portion: subscutellum or postscutellum [1]. -
18 = anatergite (part of mesopostnotum), anatg; dorsal portion of laterotergite [1/4]; slopes of postmesonotum [5]; postnotal callus [6]. -
19 = abdominal tergite 1, abd tg 1 [1]. -
20 = 2nd cervical sclerite, cerv scl 2 [1/3]; 2nd laterocervical sclerite; lateral cervicale [7]. -
21 = proepisternum, prepst, anterior propleuron [1]; episternum [3]; propleuron [5]; precoxal bridge [7]. -
22 = proepimeron, prepm; posterior propleuron [1]; epimeron 1 [3/4]. -
23 = ? [1]; precoxale 1. -
24 = coxa 1 (pl. coxae), cx 1 [1]; precoxa. -
25 = ? [1]; precoxale 2. -
26 = katepisternum, kepst [1/7]; lower part of episternum; sternopleuron; sternopleurite; preepisternum [1]; mesosternum (incorrect) [3]; katepisternum 2 [4]; sternopleuron 2 [5/6]. -
27 = coxa 2, cx 2 [1]; mesocoxa. -
28 = katepimeron, kepm; barrette [1]. -
29 = anepimeron, anepm [1/7]; epimeron 2 [3]; pteropleuron [1/5/6]. -
30 = meron, mr [1/7]; meropleuron; hypopleuron [1/3/4/5/6]; remark: usually fused with metepisternum. -
31 = metkatepisternum, mtkepst 3; precoxale [4]. -
32 = coxa 3, cx 3 [1]; metacoxa. -
33 = metanepisternum, mtepst; episternum 3 [3/4]; mesepisterum [5]; remark: usually fused with meron. -
34 = metepimeron, mtepm [1/5]; epimeron 3 + notum 3 [3]; epimeron 3 [4]. -
33+34 = metapleuron [1]. -
35 = katepimeron, kepm [1]. -
36 = metathoracic spiracle, met spr [5]; posterior spiracle [1/6]. -
37 = halter, hlt [1]. -
38 = abdominal sternite 1, abd st 1 [1]. -
39 = abdominal sternite 2, abd st 2 [1].
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Fig. 3: thorax, ventral
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1 = |
prosternum, prst; precoxal bridge, if it is joined with proepisternum [1/6/7]
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2 = |
postpronotal lobe, pprn lb; humeri [1]; humeral callus [3/5]
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3 = |
proepimeron, prepm; posterior propleuron [1]; epimeron 1 [3/4]
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4 = |
katepisternum, kepst; lower part of episternum; sternopleuron; sternopleurite; preepisternum [1]; mesosternum (incorrect) [3]; katepisternum 2 [4]; sternopleuron 2 [5/6]
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5 = |
anepisternum, anepst; upper part of episternum [1]; anepisternum 2 [3/4]; mesopleuron [1/5/6]
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6 = |
anepimeron, anepm and katatergite [1]
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7 = |
meron, mr; meropleuron; hypopleuron [1/3/4/5/6]
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8 = |
? [1]; precoxale [4]
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9 = |
metepimeron, mtepm [1/5]; epimeron 3 + notum 3 [3]; epimeron 3 [4]
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10 = |
abdominal tergite 1, abd tg 1 [1]
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11 = |
abdominal tergite 2, abd tg 2 [1]
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12 = |
front coxal foramen [-]; front coxal cavity [5]
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13 = |
mesosternum [1]; sternopleuron of mesothorax [5]
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14 = |
mid coxal foramen [-]; mid coxal cavity [5]
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15 = |
hind coxal foramen [-]; hind coxal cavity [5]
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16 = |
? [1]; mesoepisternum + metepisternum [5]
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17 = |
metasternum, = postcoxal bridge ? [1/5]; remark: this sklerite is not known from all robber flies and further studies have to clearify it
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18 = |
abdominal sternite 1, abd st 1 [1]
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19 = |
abdominal sternite 2, abd st 2 [1]
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References
[1] McAlpine, J.F. (1981): Morphology and terminology - Adults. - In: McAlpine, J.P. et al. (eds.): Manuel of Nearctic Diptera, vol. 1; p. 9-63 - Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27.
[2] Hull, F.M. (1962): Robber flies of the world, 2 volumes; 907 pp. - Washington: Bulletin of the United States National Museum 224 (1,2).
[3] Cole, F.R. & Pritchard, A.E. (1964): The genus Mallophora and related asilid genera in North America (Diptera: Asilidae). - University of California Publications in Entomology 36: 43-100, 4 pls.; Berkeley - Los Angeles.
[4] Fisher, E. (1986): A reclassification of the robber fly tribe Andrenosomini, with a revision of the genus Dasyllis Loew (Diptera: Asilidae); 361 pp. - Riverside: Ph.D. thesis, University of California.
[5] Artigas, J.N. (1967): The Asilidae (Diptera) of Chile, 2 Vols. - Xerography of Doctoral Diss., University Microfilms: 674 pp.; Ann Arbor.
[6] Theodor, O. (1980): Fauna Palaestina - Insecta II - Diptera: Asilidae; 446 pp. - Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Science and Humantities.
[7] Crampton, G.C. (1942): Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part IV. The Diptera, or true flies of Connecticut. The external morphology of the Diptera. - Bulletin of the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey 64: 10-165; Hartford.
[8] Martin, C.H. (1968): The new family Leptogastridae (The Grass Flies) compared with the Asilidae (robber flies) (Diptera). - Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 41(1): 70-100; Manhattan - Lawrence.
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